Conference · 2025
A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI
Abstract
Vaccination is a key to public health and safety, but adverse vaccine side effects threaten its safety and monitoring. Traditional pharmacovigilance systems are characterised by flaws such as underreporting, delays, and data fragmentation. This paper presents a holistic review of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in vaccine side effect detection and prediction. Methodologies like machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing are examined, with a close look at their application to real-world data sources like electronic health records, social media, and vaccine registries. Evidence from the COVID-19, HPV, and influenza vaccines shows that AIs can detect vaccine side effects, with each of the AI models achieving a high accuracy of (AUC 0.91, F1-score 0.903) in vaccine side effect detection. However, despite the promising benefits, some challenges such as data quality, model generalisation, and ethical challenges still exist. This paper also suggests that future research directions should include vaccinology, federated learning, and explainable AI for real-time and personalised risk assessment. Conclusively, this paper brings to the fore the numerous benefits that AI offers in pharmacovigilance, showcasing its transformative potential for proactive vaccine safety surveillance.
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2024
Publication details
- Venue
- 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)
- Type
- Conference · 2025
- DOI
- 10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905
- Citations
- 0 · via Crossref, 17 September 2026
Cite this publication
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APA
Akuma, C. F., Amaechi, C. V., Hewage, P., Garg, A., Akuma, C. F., & Akuma, D. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI. 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). https://doi.org/10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905
Harvard
Akuma, C.F., Amaechi, C.V., Hewage, P., Garg, A., Akuma, C.F. and Akuma, D. (2025) 'A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI', 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). doi: 10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905.
IEEE
C. F. Akuma, C. V. Amaechi, P. Hewage, A. Garg, C. F. Akuma, and D. Akuma, "A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI," 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO), 2025. doi: 10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905.
Vancouver
Akuma CF, Amaechi CV, Hewage P, Garg A, Akuma CF, Akuma D. A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI. 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). 2025. doi: 10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905.
MLA
Akuma, Chijiuka Fortune, et al.. "A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI." 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO), 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905.
Chicago
Akuma, C. F., Amaechi, C. V., Hewage, P., Garg, A., Akuma, C. F., Akuma, D.. "A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI." 2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO) (2025). https://doi.org/10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{akuma2025, title={A Comprehensive Review of Predicting Vaccine Side Effects with AI}, author={Akuma, Chijiuka Fortune and Amaechi, Chimeremeze Victor and Hewage, Pradeep and Garg, Anchal and Akuma, Chijiuka Fortune and Akuma, Duru}, booktitle={2025 12th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)}, year={2025}, doi={10.1109/icrito66076.2025.11241905}, }